In 1941 the Soviet Union and Great Britain invaded Iran, forcing Reza Shah into exile, leading to his son Mohammad Reza replacing him in this position. Religion is a moral, an aspect in life that is, in a sense, a motive to keep on living. A bas-relief in Taq-e-Bostan (western Iran) depicts a complex hunting scene. Islam in Iran. Its baffling to see people defend it when it only harms the mass and keeps a small percentage safe from the very rules they impose. (Courtesy of Pirooz Abir) Describe and give examples of the major phases of Iranian art. In fact, Ettefagh had students from all of Iran’s religious minorities, including Christian, Baha'i, and Zoroastrian. Learn how your comment data is processed. Along with political criticism, he also received religious criticism from people who thought westernization contradicted Islam.2 This is what would later lead to the shah’s overthrow by Ruhollah Khomeini and his followers. The late shah’s oldest son, Reza Pahlavi, the crown prince of Iran, has expressed his support for these new protests. See if you can find three other countries where Shi’is are a majority or significant minority. Good article, but the information on the Shahs is more than a little biased. Yes, they did many positive things, especially in regards to modernization and the rights of women, but the last Shah was also a dictator who had his political enemies thrown in prison, tortured, and even executed. Well written article. But there was increasing turmoil and dissent. Remember that one group is researching PRE-Islamic revolution, and one group is researching POST-Islamic revolution. The reunion slideshow included photos of Jewish students in pre-revolution Iran. Although Iran is the only nationin the world where Shi’I Islam is the state religion, large numbers of Shi’is live in other Muslim countries. Some women of high-ranking positions were even forced to step down because of these new laws.11 Rights of women have improved slightly since then but they still are not like what they used to be. But the oil wealth was unevenly distributed, and led to discontent among the nation's poorest, who were increasingly marginalized. They were granted the right to vote, education was opened up to them, and an increasing number joined the work force. It is sickening to see and it would’ve been really exciting to see another Middle Eastern nation prevail and develop into a functional state. During his time as shah, Mohammad Reza carried out a national development program called the White Revolution with the help of the United States. (2.2) The Mongol and Timurid periods. His eventual arrest sparked antigovernment riots, specifically against what the shah was implementing. Iranians enjoyed the luxury of new colleges, universities and libraries under the shah. 5 Shortly after this Khomeini returned and took control of the country as the religious leader of the revolution. Due to Iran's large supply of oil, proximity to India, and shared border with the Soviet Union, Britain … 2. In January of 1979, the shah and his family fled Iran on what was officially described as a “vacation”. The Family Protection Act gave them greater rights such as allowing divorce and banning marriage under the age of 15. Politically, he installed a succession of loyalist prime ministers. She has contributed to national newspapers such as “The Independent” and “The Times” of London, covering subjects as diverse as travel, mental health and disaster-zone news. The Iranian Revolution changed Iran in many ways, especially in the day-to-day lives of its citizens. Movements and actions are articulated in a sophisticated manner. One law lowered the age of marriage for girls to eight years old, and another gave fathers the right of child custody in the case of a divorce. Women’s rights were stripped away and, in my opinion, women are seen helpless in that area of the world. Classroom is the educational resource for people of all ages. I found this article very interesting as Ruhollah Khomeini overthrew the Shah, the monarch and leader the U.S. supported in trying to complete the White Revolution. Pre-Revolution Society in Iran. What religions are represented in the population of Iran? Back to Top. Religions in Iran will be divided into the following two sub-entries: 1. The clergy, both Shia and non-Shia, assumed responsibility for instructing youth in basic literacy and the fundamentals of religion. © 2020 Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Media, All Rights Reserved. The first time I had ever been informed about the Iranian people, under a spotlight that wasn’t exclusive to US military action against terrorism, was from the book Persepolis. How could Islam be a religion of peace and the claims made towards it when it degrades the state of a society? Trade with the West, which was curtailed after the revolution because of sanctions, was a boost to the economy. While the banning of the veil was seen as liberation by educated females, rural women increasingly retreated to their homes, used to being hidden behind the garment. In January of 1979, the shah and his family fled Iran on what was officially described as a “vacation”.5 Shortly after this Khomeini returned and took control of the country as the religious leader of the revolution.6 On April 1, he officially declared Iran an Islamic republic.7 The shah and everyone in his regime, met the same fate his father did all those years ago, as they were officially sent into exile. The post-revolution government in Iran restricted freedom of religion. An increasing number of boys and girls were sent to school, though females continued to have more limited access to higher education. We can even see the progenitor of the cinema close-up: a wounded wild pig escaping from the hunting ground (Omid, p.19). In addition, the lives of all those who were a part of the shah’s regime and of their families were also transformed. In 1980, Imam Khomeini praised the efforts of women who contributed to the success of the revolution and continued to do so in building the nation. In November, young supporters of Khomeini, angered by U.S. support of the Shah, stormed the U.S. Embassy in Tehran, taking 66 hostages. 1. This gave women the right to “divorce on the same grounds as men, and both had to go in court for divorce. Despite Iran's official distrust of the country of Israel, the government does not directly attack Judaism itself. Pahlavi brought great reforms for women, who could now cast off the chador veil and were encouraged to wear western dress. Religion is a moral, an aspect in life that is, in a sense, a motive to keep on living. However, women of the lower classes were generally expected to wear them at all times. By the late 1970s the economy began to struggle with rapid inflation and disaffected workers in both the public and private sector went on strike. Iran was among the first countries to go online in the Middle East, and internet in Iran has become a major force socially, politically, and culturally. ix. Jacobsen: How does religion graft itself onto Iranian society and influence politics? Iran remained a deeply religious nation of predominantly Shiite Muslims but the shah’s reforms encouraged an increasingly secular society. 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